Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, the medieval period emerged and continued until the 15th century AD. As noted by Trigger (2006), medieval perceptions of the past can be categorized under several dominant conceptual themes. One major notion was the belief surrounding the origins of the world and early humanity. Medieval observers encountering monumental architectural remains frequently interpreted them as creations beyond ordinary human ability, often attributing them to giants or supernatural beings (Duby, 1980). The exceptional strength and craftsmanship of these structures led to widespread assumptions that they contained hidden valuables, especially gold. Consequently, early grave excavations were driven not only by the prospect of material gain but also by fascination with the marvels of antiquity (Le Goff, 1988). By the height of the medieval period, fear of curses or magical forces associated with ancient sites had diminished, replaced by intellectual curiosity regarding their uniqueness and origins. The medieval worldview was further shaped by the Church, which asserted theological authority over interpretations of creation and history. When scientific explanations arose concerning the formation of the world, ecclesiastical doctrine reaffirmed divine creation as the ultimate truth (Southern, 1990). Although scientific thinking developed during this period, it remained closely linked to, and constrained by, theological frameworks (Grant, 1996). The Church taught that the world had become corrupted following the sin of Adam and Eve, resulting in the dispersion and moral decline of humanity. Natural decay and transformation were thus interpreted as evidence of the world’s progressive degradation. Another prevailing medieval idea was that global history unfolded as a sequence of divinely preordained events, a view reinforced by biblical narratives (Collingwood, 1993). History was understood as fragmented and imperfect, while the past was interpreted as both transitional and miraculous, inviting theological as well as emerging scientific explanations. Although the dominance of the Church restricted systematic empirical study, medieval writings on antiquity nevertheless laid an important conceptual foundation for later archaeological thought (Trigger, 2006). Overall, the Middle Ages can be characterized as a period in which understandings of the human past were framed within divine authority and idealized temporal structures. These medieval conceptions ultimately influenced the intellectual shifts of the Renaissance, which was supported by scientific advancements that spread widely by the 16th century AD (Burke, 1999).