Tax compliance remains a pressing challenge for governments worldwide as they struggle to mobilize domestic revenues to support development agendas. Traditional enforcement-centered approaches have often proven insufficient in addressing widespread evasion, informal sector dynamics, and administrative inefficiencies. In response, public–private collaboration has emerged as a promising strategy for strengthening compliance, particularly in environments where resource constraints and trust deficits limit the effectiveness of revenue agencies acting alone. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that integrates collaborative governance theory, compliance cost reduction strategies, and stakeholder engagement models to improve tax morale, transparency, and fiscal performance. Drawing on global evidence, the framework highlights how information sharing, joint service delivery platforms, co-regulatory arrangements, and technology-enabled partnerships can create incentives for compliance while improving institutional legitimacy. The study also situates public–private collaboration within broader debates about state capacity, digital transformation, and participatory governance, emphasizing its potential to complement enforcement mechanisms. While acknowledging the risks of capture, inequality, and accountability gaps, the paper outlines safeguards that ensure alignment with equity and fairness principles. The proposed framework contributes to the theoretical and practical discourse on tax governance by offering a structured model for policymakers and practitioners seeking innovative pathways to boost voluntary compliance.